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| 1944 January 22 |
| | | In Operation Shingle an Allied force lands at Anzio, on the west coast of Italy behind the German lines | |
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| 1944 May 18 |
| | | After a campaign of four months the monastery at Monte Cassino is captured, by Polish troops | |
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| 1944 June 4 |
| | | A multinational Allied force moves fast from Monte Cassino to capture Rome | |
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| 1944 August |
| | | The Allied advance in Italy comes to a halt at the Gothic Line of German defences, north of Florence | |
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| 1945 April 28 |
| | | Benito Mussolini and his mistress, Clara Petacci, are shot by partisans and their bodies are hung from a gibbet in Milan | |
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| 1945 April 29 |
| | | Against Hitler's specific orders, the commander of the German army in Italy surrenders to the Allies | |
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| 1946 |
| | | Victor Emmanuel III abdicates in favour of his son a month before a referendum on the Italian monarchy | |
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| 1947 |
| | | Italian author Primo Levi publishes If This Is a Man, based on his experiences in Auschwitz | |
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| 1948 |
| | | Ezra Pound publishes Pisan Cantos, about his postwar imprisonment in an American detention centre near Pisa | |
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| 1948 |
| | | Vittorio de Sica directs the film Bicycle Thieves, a classic of Italian neorealism | |
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